Dr. Al-Khazraji’s laboratory focuses on exploring blood flow control and vascular physiology in peripheral and cerebral blood vessels. Research interests include: 1) investigating how blood flow is controlled at rest and during cardiovascular challenges such as dynamic exercise,2) understanding vascular health in a range of populations including healthy young individuals to those either at-risk of a vascular-related incident or from a clinical population, 3) how exercise training impacts vascular health, and4) how to expand utility of current vascular imaging tools

Supervisor: Dr. Gianni Parise

Supervisor: Dr. Martin Gibala

Supervisor: Dr. Maureen MacDonald

Research

My research seeks to better understand the relationship between nutrition (especially dietary fats) and metabolic health in adults with breast cancer. Unhealthy metabolic changes develop and worsen during the breast cancer trajectory (diagnosis, treatment, survivorship), often leading to the diagnosis of co-morbidities, like type 2 diabetes and even cancer recurrence, once patients enter survivorship. We do not fully understand why breast cancer patients are predisposed to these metabolic perturbations, but it may be related to certain cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, hormone therapy) or even cancer itself. Cancerous tumours consume fuel (like glucose and lipids) at accelerated rates compared to normal cells, which may impact the metabolic regulation of host tissues, like skeletal muscle.

Students in my laboratory:

1. Manipulate circulating lipids to uncover the mechanisms linking lipid availability and skeletal muscle glucose dysregulation in cancer and non-cancer populations,
2. Apply fat-based nutrition interventions (e.g., omega-3 supplementation) to improve features of glucose metabolism in adults with breast cancer, and
3. Test and develop innovative ultrasound-based techniques to non-invasively assess muscle fat infiltration and metabolic health

I am currently accepting graduate students for Fall 2022. If you are interested in graduate work, please contact me at bellke3@mcmaster.ca.

I am committed to building and supporting an equitable, inclusive, diverse, and accessible lab environment. Members of equity-deserving groups, including (but not limited to) racialized, 2SLGBTQIA+, neurodivergent, and disabled communities, are encouraged to apply for research opportunities in my lab.

Research Interests

Cancer; Nutrition; Dietary fat; Glucose metabolic health; Skeletal muscle; Body composition; Ultrasound

Supervisor: Dr. Martin Gibala

My research examines social-cognitive factors that influence and are influenced by participation in physical activity. Current interests include self-perceptions such as self-efficacy, perceived control, self-regulation, and self-determination. I also investigate people’s perceptions about influential others who interact with them (proxy agents) in their pursuit of behavioural objectives. Understanding relationships between these perceptions and behaviour involves laboratory and field-based research. Challenges faced by people navigating life transitions such as moving away from home to attend college or university, rehabilitating from illness, and becoming a parent are of particular interest.

My students and I are interested in how the human brain controls and learns skilled actions in healthy and clinical populations. We also conduct metascience research to gain insights into research practices within kinesiology and related areas.

Supervisor: Dr. Maureen MacDonald

The overarching goal of my research is to examine how nutrition and other chronic disease prevention policies impact on our diets and health. This is a critical time for population health and chronic disease prevention both in Canada and globally. A broad range of food and nutrition policies aimed at improving diets have recently been implemented or proposed (e.g., efforts to reduce sodium and added sugars in our food supply, warning labels for foods high in nutrients of concern, standards for food-like natural health products). These efforts also aim to harmonize parallel policy efforts which target other modifiable risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as guidance for physical activity and those which aim to support healthy aging. My research program draws on a variety of data sources such as food availability data, population level health surveys (e.g., Canadian Community Health Survey, Canadian Health Measures Survey, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) as well as consumer awareness studies to assess the intended and unintended consequences of these efforts while also making important considerations of existing health and nutrition inequalities in our population. Although the research in my lab primarily leverages current and emergent methodologies in nutritional epidemiology, it also integrates research approaches from health economics, chronic disease physiology and social and behavior sciences and includes close collaborations with Health Canada, the WHO, and other policy actors. If you’re interested in learning more about the research conducted in my lab as well as available research opportunities, please contact me at chrisa30@mcmaster.ca

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

My research examines the integrative physiology of exercise at the molecular to whole body level in both healthy individuals and people with chronic diseases. In addition to basic, mechanistic studies on the regulation of skeletal muscle energy provision, my laboratory conducts applied research that examines the impact of physical training and dietary manipulation on human health and performance. Our recent work has largely focused on the physiological adaptations to intermittent exercise (interval training) and the associated health impacts. I am also interested in science communication and coauthored a bestselling book on the science of time-efficient exercise, The One-Minute Workout: Science Shows a Way to Get Fit That’s Smarter, Faster, Shorter (Penguin Random House, 2017).

Dr. Jennifer J. Heisz is an Associate Professor in Kinesiology and Associate Director (Seniors) of the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence at McMaster University. Dr. Heisz received her Ph.D. in Cognitive Neuroscience (McMaster) and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest. Dr. Heisz directs the NeuroFit Lab (http://neurofitlab.ca/) which is funded by the Alzheimer Society, Banting Foundation, Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. Dr. Heisz’s research examines the effects of physical activity on brain function to promote mental health and cognition in young adults, older adults and individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Recent honours include receiving an Early Researcher Award from the Province of Ontario and the Petro-Canada Young Innovator Award. Follow Dr. Heisz on twitter @jenniferheisz.

My research focus is on exercise rehabilitation, with a specific application to people with mobility impairments resulting from either spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. I am interested in examining the assorted health and rehabilitative benefits of engaging in regular exercise, as well as developing best practice physical activity guidelines for special populations. At a more basic level, I also study characteristics of muscle, fatigue properties, and activation at the neuromuscular level.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Supervisor: Dr. Gianni Parise

Supervisor:  Dr. Vladimir Ljubicic

My basic interest is determining in how the body works combining mechanics and control, and consequently, how it gets injured. My research aims to determine the mechanisms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity from the fingers to the shoulder (and occasionally some other parts). These disorders tend to occur over a long period of time through complex pathways. By developing a solid link between control and mechanics, we can define the mechanisms of disorders such that they can be better rehabilitated and, ultimately, prevented. We examine disorders of muscle tissue (e.g. myalgia), connective tissue (e.g. tendinitis, epicondylitis), and peripheral nerve (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome). To reach these research objectives, we use both basic (laboratory) and applied (laboratory and field) studies. My research tools include ultrasound, MRI, tissue measurement, computer modeling, electromyography (surface and fine wire EMG), various dynamometers, data trackers, and motion analysis.

My research is aimed at making biomechanics and human movement analyses more accessible and real-world relevant. Specifically, this work focuses on the use of wearable inertial sensors to help track and treat musculoskeletal disorders or injuries. When we think of wearable sensors, we often think of fitness tracking watches, but in fact wearable sensors have the capabilities to collect a variety of detailed human movement data similar to conventional motion capture gait laboratories. Further, when we combine these devices with innovative analyses (e.g., machine learning algorithms) and visualization techniques, a whole new world of possibilities for assessing human movement is realized. To this point, my research has used these accessible devices and innovative techniques to uncover patterns in human movement that can help us better understand the progression and treatment of individuals with knee osteoarthritis and running injuries.Interesting in joining the lab? Please submit your information here

Supervisor: Dr. Gianni Parise

Changhyun Lim is a Postdoctoral Fellow in Professor Stuart Phillip’s Protein Metabolism Research Laboratory in the Department of Kinesiology. The focus of his research is to explore non-pharmacological strategies (e.g., physical activity and nutrition) to overcome muscle loss and dysfunction in aging, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning muscle adaptation in response to nutritional interventions and physical activity/inactivity.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Neuromuscular plasticity refers to the remodeling of the neuromuscular system in response to genetic or environmental cues. Neuromuscular disorders, including the neuromuscular alterations that are hallmarks of advanced aging, are more common in Canada then generally appreciated. The central experimental questions that form the foundation of our research program are: 1) What roles do phenotype-modifying proteins play in the maintenance and remodeling of the peripheral neuromuscular system, and 2) Are these molecules efficacious therapeutic targets for neuromuscular disorders? To address these questions, we design investigations around rational lifestyle- and pharmacological-based strategies focused on the manipulation of powerful phenotype-bending molecules in the neuromuscular system. Furthermore, we employ an integrative and rigorous cell-to-animal experimental approach, as well as an innovative combination of molecular physiological solutions. The long-term goal of our research is to expand fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing neuromuscular plasticity, as well as to identify novel, evidence-based therapeutic strategies to improve the lives of those with compromised neuromuscular systems.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Publications:

• Janssen, T. A. H., Lowisz, C. V., & Phillips, S. M. (2025). From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory.Current Research in Physiology, 8, 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100138

• McKendry, J., Lowisz, C. V., Nanthakumar, A., MacDonald, M., Lim, C., Currier, B. S., & Phillips, S. M. (2024). The effects of whey, PEA, and collagen protein supplementation beyond the Recommended Dietary Allowance on integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic rates in older males: A randomized controlled trial.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 120(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.009

• McLeod, J., Currier, B. S., Lowisz, C. V., & Phillips, S. M. (2024). The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function in healthy adults: An umbrella review.Journal of Sport and Health Science, 13(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.005

Courses taught:

• KINESIOL 2CC3: Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Exercise Physiology

• KINESIOL 2CO3: Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology

• KINESIOL 3YO3: Nutrition for Sport and Performance

• KINESIOL 4SS3: Human Aging: Biological and Lifestyle Influences

Most of us realize that our blood vessels play an important role in transporting blood to and from all of the tissues of our body. The human cardiovascular system is continually adapting to and co-coordinating the differing requirements of the body tissues and the energy demands of skeletal muscle alone are capable of changing 100 fold within seconds of the onset of a new task. Blood vessels are much more than static tubes for transporting blood. The structure and function of our blood vessels can adapt to challenges they are presented with and can change significantly in both health and disease. Two important features of our arteries (blood vessels which transport blood away from the heart) are how flexible (stiffness) they are and how much they can expand (dilate) when faced with the challenges of increasing pressure and/or flow. We know that these two features, stiffness and dilation, change with disease processes, aging, spinal cord injury and some exercise programs but we know very little about what regulates these changes. In my laboratory we have been studying the role that exercise, which can result in large pressure and flow challenges to the arteries, plays in changing arterial structure and function. We examine the responses of a variety of components of the cardiovascular system to exercise challenges in order to determine control mechanisms. The specific cardiovascular variables, which are central to this research, are blood pressure, blood flow and arterial stiffness, diameter, wall thickness and dilation. Objectives of my research program include examination of the impact of alterations in vessel stiffness and function on skeletal muscle blood flow responses both at rest, and during exercise. Our continuing studies will focus on the use of cutting edge ultrasound technology to examine blood vessel stiffness and regional blood flow in both healthy and clinical populations. The insight gained from these studies will assist in advancing the current basic knowledge of the cardiovascular system as well as identifying the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in determining basic cardiovascular regulation and in improving health status and lifestyle.

My teaching responsibilities lie in the areas of musculoskeletal anatomy and rehabilitation. I have worked for a number of years at the Levy Memorial Sports Medicine Clinic, and have been a medical team member for a number of national and international sporting events. My goal is to bring theory to practice, and help students develop practical skills that may be used in a clinical or field setting. I believe that anatomy is more than just pictures in a book. The courses I teach focus on understanding how human anatomy works, and the problem solving processes that may help to uncover why it fails (from a clinical and biomechanical perspective). Each of the classes I teach have a required practical class component where students learn to analyze movement and evaluate function, and begin to provide practical solutions. Students are exposed to current research and topics of controversy as they pertain to the field of rehabilitation. From a research perspective, I am particularly interested in the ability of the human body to maintain balance in static and dynamic conditions. I am fascinated by the integration of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular information, and how these systems may be affected in clinical populations. I am currently focused on the proprioceptive role of the muscles of the neck, and the neurophysiology of fatigue. I plan to continue to integrate my clinical background into future research projects that are focused upon these domains.

Supervisor: Dr. Vladimir Ljubicic

I am a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Postdoctoral Fellow in Professor Stuart Phillip’s Protein Metabolism Research Laboratory (PMRL) in the Department of Kinesiology, and recently a McCall-MacBain Postdoctoral Teaching and Leadership Fellow. The focus of my research is to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to use (i.e., resistance and aerobic exercise), disuse (i.e., immobilization/bed rest), and sarcopenia of aging. Using novel and innovative scientific methods (e.g., stable isotopic tracers), often in unique populations such as master athletes, I am also keen to investigate nascent nutritional interventions to augment exercise-induced muscular adaptations to and mitigate muscle loss in response to immobilization and aging.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Supervisor: Dr. Vladimir Ljubicic

The purpose of my research is to develop fundamental understanding of the cortical control of the human hand and upper limb. My research program is focused on the somatosensory contributions to motor control; human hand control is profoundly dependent on the integrity of somatosensory input that arises from touch and muscle receptors. Multiple cortical areas receive and process somatosensory input yet little is known about the role of these areas in the control of human hand movement. My research program is primarily focused on investigating the role of somatosensory loci in the control of hand movement in healthy and clinical populations. Students in my lab use a combination of neurophysiology techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Everson Nunes is a researcher interested in how human nutrition and physical activity modulate metabolism. His research focuses on understanding the roles of nutrition and physical activity in human health and how diet and exercise can be used to prevent or treat diseases (e.g. Cancer, Diabetes, and Obesity).

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Generally, my interests involve understanding the mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation and repair to exercise and injury. We focus primarily on skeletal muscle progenitor cells and their role in remodelling of tissue. Additionally, we focus on how muscle progenitor cells fails in aging and examine strategies to rejuvenate the muscle progenitor response to injury and exercise in older adults.

Professor Phillips is a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging. He is a Professor in Kinesiology, and Graduate Faculty in the School of Medicine at McMaster University. He is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (FCAHS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). His research is focused on the impact of nutrition and exercise on the mechanisms of human skeletal muscle protein turnover. He is also keenly interested in diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition particularly in older persons.His research is funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the US NIH, the USDA, and several industry partners.Dr. Phillips was the inaugural recipient of the Enzo Cafarelli Graduate Mentor Award in 2017. He was named to Clarivate’s Highly Cited Award in 2018-2021 as one of the top 1% of all cited researchers in physiology and nutrition. He has more than 50,000 citations and an h-index of 121; https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=VLu9hqgAAAAJ&hl=en

Supervisor: Dr. Maureen MacDonald

List of publications:

Stone JC, Davenport MH, Moreau KL, Pyke KE, Wenner MM, Williams JS, MacDonald MJ. Endocrine enigmas: vascular health in females throughout the lifespan. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 329: H1422–H1434, 2025. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00412.2025.

Stone JC, Williams JS, MacDonald MJ. Modulation of Vascular Health by Hormonal Contraceptives and Exercise in Young Women: Using the FITT Principles Methodological Framework. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 53: 2–9, 2025. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000350.*Shared first authorship.

Williams JS, Cheng JL, Stone JC, Kamal M, Cherubini JM, Parise G, MacDonald MJ. Menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycles minimally influence vascular function and associated cellular regulation in premenopausal females. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2024. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00672.2023.

Williams JS, Wiley E, Cheng JL, Stone JC, Bostad W, Cherubini JM, Gibala MJ, Tang A, MacDonald MJ. Differences in cardiovascular risk factors associated with sex and gender identity, but not gender expression, in young, healthy cisgender adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 11: 1374765, 2024. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1374765.

Stone JC, MacDonald MJ. The impacts of endogenous progesterone and exogenous progestin on vascular endothelial cell, and smooth muscle cell function: A narrative review. Vascular Pharmacology 152: 107209, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107209.

Williams JS, Stone JC, Masood Z, Bostad W, Gibala MJ, MacDonald MJ. The impact of natural menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive pill phase on substrate oxidation during rest and acute submaximal aerobic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 135: 642–654, 2023. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00111.2023.

Williams JS, Stone JC, Ritz SA, MacDonald MJ. Letter to the editor: Laxdal (2023) “The sex gap in sports and exercise medicine research: who does research on females?” Scientometrics 128: 4155–4160, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s11192-023-04741-2.

Lew LA, Williams JS, Stone JC, Au AKW, Pyke KE, MacDonald MJ. Examination of Sex-Specific Participant Inclusion in Exercise Physiology Endothelial Function Research: A Systematic Review. Front Sports Act Living 4: 860356, 2022. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.860356.

Supervisor: Dr. Stuart Phillips

Dr. Walsh’s research is focused on investigating the mechanisms by which daily behaviours (physical activity, diet, screen time, sleep and cognitive stimulation) impact brain function. The overarching goal of this research is to apply this knowledge to develop interventions that optimize brain health across the lifespan. Dr. Walsh’s research is particularly interested in characterizing how exercise increases the neuroactive hormone brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and investigating the effect of BDNF on brain function. The primary measurement outcomes of this research are: 1) measuring neuroactive hormones in the blood, 2) assessing cognitive function, 3) measuring cerebral blood flow.Dr. Walsh is currently accepting graduate students for Fall 2021. If you are interested in a research opportunity with Dr. Walsh, please fill out an application here.

I am passionate about conducting collaborative and transformative interdisciplinary studies to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in physical activity participation. Employing community engaged methodologies, I seek opportunities for everyone to pursue active lifestyles that enhance their health and well-being in various contexts of human movement. Four areas of research focus are:

1. Identification of systemic and personal barriers to physical activity by collecting and representing “unheard” or “silenced” lived stories of marginalized and oppressed groups and individuals;
2. Identification of effective and ethically framed professional practices that promote access and social inclusion, cultural sustainability, and respectful reconciliation in working with equity deserving groups and individuals;
3. Identification of actionable solutions based on both the scientific evidence and the perspective of persons who experience inequities and social injustices in physical activity participation; and
4. Promotion of direct social change through community building and engagement in research, practice, and knowledge mobilization.